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- MILESTONES, Page 87She Knew What She WantedMary McCarthy: 1912-1989By Martha Duffy
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- She always thought of herself as old-fashioned. Throughout her
- enormously industrious 50-year literary career, she plinked away
- on a manual typewriter, spurned electrical kitchen gadgetry and
- never took out a credit card. But Mary McCarthy was incorrigibly
- modern and, in spite of herself, a celebrated pioneer to
- generations of young women.
-
- She opened the way by ignoring the constraints -- and
- prerogatives -- of gender. She emerged from Vassar ('33) a handsome
- girl with an open Irish face, natural style and a gleeful grin, and
- she entered the fierce leftist circles in New York City. It was a
- largely male world, but McCarthy was too smart and too fearless not
- to make her mark, mostly in articles and criticism in Partisan
- Review. When challenging the moral underpinnings of political
- debates -- then it was the split between Stalinists and Trotskyites
- (she was one of the latter); later it would be Viet Nam and
- Watergate -- she could be a scourge. Her wit, like a swift breeze,
- blew the hats off countless swelled heads, and most of the
- pedestals she set askew supported men.
-
- When she started writing fiction in 1942, she was equally
- forthright about sex, especially the consequences of it for a
- woman. Her novels contain rakingly funny scenes about drunken
- late-night encounters and the scarlet flush of embarrassment that
- starts at the nape of the neck the morning after. A Charmed Life
- (1955) traced a wife's exacting moral dilemma over an abortion.
- McCarthy claimed for serious fiction the terrain of a woman's
- domestic strategies, her finances, her female friendships, her
- minute biological concerns. Every syllabus on feminist literature
- is indebted to her.
-
- Critic Elizabeth Hardwick called Mc Carthy's voice "urbane and
- puritanical, an original and often daunting mixture." That voice
- rang through seven novels and many more books of reportage,
- criticism and essays. "She had a sharp ear and a lively natural
- style," McCarthy wrote of the writer heroine of A Charmed Life,
- and, as was often the case, the author was describing herself.
-
- Her most eloquent book, Memories of a Catholic Girlhood (1957),
- recounted her own story. Born in Seattle, she spent six idyllic
- years in a buoyant, prosperous family. But the flu epidemic of 1918
- claimed both her parents, and she and her three brothers (including
- the actor Kevin McCarthy) were shunted off to miserable privation
- with a grandaunt and granduncle. Eventually, Mary was rescued by
- grandparents, who educated her in convent schools. She was to have
- four marriages, including a stormy eight years with critic Edmund
- Wilson.
-
- In 1963 she published The Group, a novel about Vassar girls of
- her era and their belief in the invincibility of progress. It was
- her most popular work, a best seller and a hit movie. After that
- she became a public figure, living in Paris and Maine with her
- fourth husband, diplomat James West, and was often photographed,
- keen-eyed and smiling, in a smart Chanel suit. She virtually made
- a religion of friendship. Says the poet James Merrill: "She cooked
- for you, read what you wrote, sent marvelous letters. I don't know
- anyone who maintained such a high quality of friendship."
-
- In 1980 she ignited one more controversy, accusing playwright
- Lillian Hellman, a master mythologist of herself and others, of
- being a dishonest writer. Hellman sued but died before the case
- came to trial. Characteristically, McCarthy rued the loss of her
- day in court.
-
- Her most autumnal public moment came in a speech at the
- MacDowell Colony five years ago. "We all live our lives more or
- less in vain," she said. "The fact of having a small name should
- not make us hope to be exceptions, to count for something or
- other." For once, this piercing observer and tough social critic
- was wrong. She was emphatically an exception, and she counted.